AMSCO AP United States History Exam (APUSH) 2026 – Free Period 5 Practice Test Questions and Study Guide

A scalawag refers to a Southern supporter of Reconstruction, particularly during the post-Civil War period when efforts were made to reintegrate the Southern states into the Union and rebuild the South. Scalawags were typically white Southerners who, for various reasons—such as economic opportunity, ideology, or a belief in civil rights—took part in the Reconstruction efforts, often collaborating with Northern Republicans and seeking to promote the integration of freed African Americans into society.

These individuals were often viewed negatively by other white Southerners, who saw them as traitors or as opportunists seeking personal gain. By supporting Reconstruction policies, scalawags played a crucial role in both the political and social transformations occurring in the South during this era, including advocating for schools, civil rights, and legal reforms. Their support was essential in the establishment of Republican governments in the South during Reconstruction.